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May 9th, at the age of 98, Roger Corman, a man who arguably had the greatest impact on cinema, passed from this bitter mortal realm.

Corman specialized in low budget features, often of a lurid and exploitive nature. His career spanned from the 1950s into the 21st century. He wrote, produced, and directed independently financed feature and along the way ignited the careers of cinema titans like James Cameron, and Jack Nicholson. Bucking the conventions of the period Corman also gave women position of creative control though he was not also above using nudity and ex to sell a picture. (The sexual assault by a giant worm in Galaxy of Terror was at his insistence, over the protests of the director and writer.) Modern cinema and in particular genre cinema simply would not exist in the state it does without Roger Corman.

Sunday evening to honor this man’s achievement I rewatched It Conquered the World.

The film has a ludicrous monster. A creature from Venus that resembles a massive fat carrot and can create organic mind control stinger. Aided by a bittered scientist (Lee Van Cliff) whom the creature has deluded into thinking that this is humanity’s salvation and not its subjugation, the monstrosity seizes control of a small town and the local army base. (Hardly the world.) Pulled back from the grips of his delusion by the death of his wife at the creature claws and the persuasion of a fellow scientist (Peter Graves) he redeems himself in destroying the threat that be led to our planet.

It Conquered the World is fairly typical of a Corman production of the mid to late 50s. There are limited locations and spare sets displaying the absolutely minimal budget but there is also something more to be said than ‘evil monster.’ The film ends with a monologue about the need for humanity to strive and find its own way to paradise and peace. A speech that could have just as easily been part of Star Trek a decade later.

Corman cared about the world. I have read that he apricated the 100 million dollars plus that James Cameron spent making Titanic but was also repulsed by such a sum being used for entertainment when so much misery remained in the world. Keeping his budgets limited certainly made it easier to make money but there was also a moral component that he never lost.

98 is a good run for any human being and we shall never see his likes again.

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There are 3 films that are considered the ‘unholy trinity’ of folk horror movies, The Wicker Man, Blood on Satan’s Claw, & The Witchfinder General. All three come from that cynical decade the 1970s and all three are British in origin. Now, folk horror with its rural settings, ancient practices, and disquieting people can be found around the globe. Estonia’s November from 2017 remains one of my favorites, but what of American, and by that I do mean specifically United States, folk horror.

There are those who would count Eggers’ The Witch as folk horror but that feels like a misclassification to me. That movie is as writer/director Eggers described it a Puritan nightmare. Others classify the original Texas Chainsaw Massacre as folk horror but while its isolated rural setting fits, one deranged family of cannibals do not a culture make and for me folk horror is always about cultures and the clash of outsider to an isolated culture.

1992’s Candyman get closer with its inner-city culture that is decidedly alien to the pretty, blonde, protagonist but it strikes me as more of a ghost story than a folk horror. Vengeful ghosts are great stories but in my eyes they are not ‘folk.’

Isolated communities living by practices forgotten by the wider world in America would seem to point to with Appalachian Mountain towns in the deep recesses of the that rugged terrain or somewhere in the vast American West where so many communities became ghost towns as their fortunes evaporated.

And yet as my mind twists and turns at the germination of an idea for a novel of American Folk horror it is neither the hillbillies nor the cowboys that is drawing my attention and inspiration but rather the hippies of the 1960s.

Counter-culture is simply another culture one that, to an extent, fetishized the idea of abandoning modernity and returning to nature. An isolated commune, 60 years separated from the rushing madness of modern American life feels like a perfect fit for folk horror. What starts are a collective rejecting modernization and mechanization can grow and transform into a unique and alien culture with its own ideas of what is proper to worship.

This is the direct I think I want to go but I need to make up my mind is the horror metaphysical or is it entirely a matter of practice and belief?

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(Spoilers for a 57-year-old film)

Another May 1st has come and gone the fictional anniversary of the loss of Sargent Neil Howie West Highland Police to the neo-pagan cult on Summerisle.

The Wicker Man is considered one third of the ‘unholy trinity’ of British Folk Horror films along with Blood on Satan’s Claw and The Witchfinder General. Of the three films The Wicker Manis by far my favorite and the one that intrigues me the most.

Canal Studios

After being lured to the produced producing island of Summerisle by a bogus missing child case, Sgt Howie (Edward Woodward) is burned alive as a human sacrifice by the island’s neo-pagan population lead by the community and religious leader Lord Summerisle (Christopher Lee.)

The question of villainy in this story is an interesting one. Clearly deceiving Howie, subjecting him to secrets tests to determine his suitability as a sacrifice, and then burning him alive to appease the goddess of the fields are not the actions of a good and heroic people.

Howie however while less overly threatening or dangerous displays a willingness and a conviction that the people of Summerisle must be brought to a Christian heel, to be compelled to live in a manner consistent with his interpretation of his religion. His disdain and intent to bring ‘the authorities’ to Summerisle precede any knowledge of actual wrongdoing or violence. Had there been no missing child and Howie had stumbled upon Summerisle he still would have scampered off to bring official action against the people.

It is in these two diametrically that I see the real villain of The Wicker Man; dogmatic conviction.

Blind obedience led the neo-pagans to horribly slaughter a stranger for the island’s religious practices and that very same straitjacket of belief would have led Howie to force his interpretation of morality upon the island.

The small ‘l’ libertarian in me finds all parties in the film to be utterly horrifying, with the neo-pagans only marginally more dangerous.